Phytochemical-Based Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance: Retrospective Insights on Klebsiella spp., Cardiovascular Modulation, and Radiotherapy-Associated Oxidative Stress in Oncology

Muhammad Sobri Maulana; Dwitia Pratiwi; Muhammad Rahman Muttaqin

Muhammad Sobri Maulana Poliklinik Komando Sektor III
Dwitia Pratiwi Poliklinik Komando Sektor III
Muhammad Rahman Muttaqin Klinik Somansa

Keywords: Phytochemicals, Klebsiella resistance, Radiotherapy, Oxidative stress, Cardiovascular complications

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella species poses a significant challenge in oncology, particularly for patients undergoing radiotherapy who are immunocompromised and highly susceptible to resistant infections. This retrospective observational study evaluated the role of phytochemical-based therapeutics as adjuvant agents in cancer care by analyzing clinical records of 180 patients treated between 2015 and 2022. Data were collected on infection patterns, cardiovascular complications, oxidative stress biomarkers, and survival outcomes, with patients stratified into phytochemical users (n = 72) and non-users (n = 108). The results demonstrated that phytochemical users had lower rates of Klebsiella infections (25.0% vs. 42.6%), multidrug-resistant strains (12.5% vs. 34.3%), cardiovascular events (19.4% vs. 30.6%), and radiotherapy-related toxicities (37.5% vs. 56.5%). Biomarker analysis indicated reduced malondialdehyde and elevated antioxidant enzyme activity in the phytochemical group. Importantly, two-year survival was higher among phytochemical users (68.1% vs. 52.7%). These findings suggest that phytochemicals provide antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and radioprotective benefits, supporting their potential role as adjuvant therapies in oncology. Further prospective studies are recommended to validate these results and optimize therapeutic applications.

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